Ethernet Ring Protection G.8032 UPDATE

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MULTIPLEX SECTION SHARED PROTECTION RING

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ITU-T Recommendations and Practical Applications in PDH/SDH Networks

ITU-T Recommendations and Practical Applications in PDH/SDH Networks pdf


Telecommunications networks are not built from technologies that are individually specified by each
service provider. If they were, imagine how hard it would be to connect from one service provider to
the next! The logical solution is to have a universal organization (or organizations) specifying transmission
methods that are universally applicable to all service providers. One of these bodies is the
International Telecommunication Union �� Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
formally known as CCITT. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions
and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide
basis.

Many telecommunication networks use network elements that are specified by ITU-T Recommendations.
The Advanced Network Tester (ANT-20) recognizes these Recommendations and carries out measurements
to qualify them. This note will directly quote Recommendations from ITU-T and then apply them
to practical applications performed on the ANT-20.

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Tutorial on Signaling System 7 (SS7)

Tutorial on Signaling System 7 (SS7) pdf

Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (SS7 or C7) is a global standard for telecommunications
defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector
(ITU-T). The standard defines the procedures and protocol by which network elements in the public
switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information over a digital signaling network to effect
wireless (cellular) and wireline call setup, routing and control. The ITU definition of SS7 allows for
national variants such as North America’s American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and Bell
Communications Research (Telcordia Technologies) standards and Europe’s European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard.
The SS7 network and protocol are used for:
• Basic call setup, management and tear down
• Wireless services such as personal communications services (PCS), wireless roaming and
mobile subscriber authentication
• Local number portability (LNP)
• Toll-free (800/888) and toll (900) wireline services
• Enhanced call features such as call forwarding, calling party name/number display and three-way
calling
• Efficient and secure worldwide telecommunications

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The 90/10 Principle by Stephen Covey (It will change the way u react to situations)

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Beauty of Mathematics!!!!!!!

Beauty of Mathematics!!!!!!!

1 x 8 + 1= 9
12 x 8 + 2= 98
123 x 8 + 3= 987
1234 x 8 + 4= 9876
12345 x 8 + 5= 98765
123456 x 8 + 6= 987654
1234567 x 8 + 7= 9876543
12345678 x 8 + 8= 98765432
123456789 x 8 + 9= 987654321

1 x 9 + 2 = 11
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111
12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111
123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111 1111111111

9 x 9 + 7 = 88
98 x 9 + 6 = 888
987 x 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888
987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888
98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888

Brilliant, isn't it?

And look at this symmetry:

1 x 1 = 1
11 x 11 = 121
111 x 111 = 12321
1111 x 1111 = 1234321
11111 x 11111 = 123454321
111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
11111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111 = 12345678987654321

Mind Boggling...

Now, take a look at this...

101%

From a strictly mathematical viewpoint:

What Equals 100%?

What does it mean to give MORE than 100%?

Ever wonder about those people who say they
are giving more than 100%?

We have all been in situations where someone wants you to

GIVE OVER 100%...

How about ACHIEVING 101%?

What equals 100%in life?

Here's a little mathematical formula that might help
answer these questions:

If:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Is represented as:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26.

Then:

H-A-R-D-W-O- R- K

8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11 = 98%

And:

K-N-O-W-L-E- D-G-E

11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+ 5 = 96%

But:

A-T-T-I-T-U- D-E

1+20+20+9+20+ 21+4+5 = 100%

THEN, look how far the love of God will take you:

L-O-V-E-O-F- G-O-D
12+15+22+5+15+ 6+7+15+4 = 101%

Therefore, one can conclude with mathematical certainty that:

While Hard Work and Knowledge will get you close, and Attitude will
get you there, It's the Love of God that will put you over the top!

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NEVER GIVE UP IN LIFE!

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Urgent Opening for IP PLANNER

an urgent requirement for the position of "IP PLANNER" with one of our Reputed Client in telecom Company Location is Gurgaon/Mohali.


Job Profile:-

Solution Design
To develop an end-to-end, robust, scaleable solution design /solution description and a general technical specification, this includes customer compliances, interoperability design and provision for interaction with other services.
High Level Design
To develop a technical guidance based on solution design documents including logical topology and physical topology; It elaborates running protocols and application flows between network elements; and configures network capacity and security plan.
Detail Design
To develop detailed technical provisioning for integration. It contains hardware devices configurations; variables numbering and naming standardizations, service implementations templates etc. This also includes specific feature / capability / connectivit

REQUIREMENTS:
Candidates having 5-8 years of working experience in MPLS-VPN/MP-BGP/MPLS-TE design.
Experience in IGP routing protocols (e.g OSPF, IS-IS) theories, and rich practical experience on IGP design and implementation, capable for hierarchical design of medium to large sized WAN is an added advantage
Experience in BGP routing protocol, rich experience on BGP design and implementation in single or multiple AS, and capable of BGP optimization is an added advantage
Capable of network capacity optimization including routing optimization, routing convergence, traffic planning etc.
Capable of WAN design with security, stability and scalability.
Capable of providing solution and associated design documents based on customer request.
Candidates with practical experience on Juniper equipments is preferred

Experience: 5-8 yrs


Please forward your updated CV mentioning your CTC if you are interested for change. please donot change the subject line while replying.

Regards
Gunjan Mehta
Athena Consultancy Services
Email:gunjan@bharatjobs.com

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A chat with Dr.Devi Shetty (Heart Specialist), Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore

One of the best & most renowned Heart surgeons we have in India today.

A chat with Dr.Devi Shetty (Heart Specialist),
Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore was arranged by IT Company for its employees .
The transcript of the chat is given below. Useful for everyone.


Qn: What are the thumb rules for a layman to take care of his heart?

Ans:
1. Diet - Less of carbohydrate, more of protein, less oil
2. Exercise - Half an hour's walk, at least five days a week; avoid lifts and avoid sitting for a longtime
3. Quit smoking
4. Control weight
5. Control blood pressure and sugar

Qn: Is eating non-veg food (fish) good for the heart?

Ans: No

Qn: It's still a grave shock to hear that some apparently healthy person
gets a cardiac arrest. How do we understand it in perspective?

Ans: This is called silent attack; that is why we recommend everyone past the age of 30 to undergo routine health checkups.

Qn: Are heart diseases hereditary?

Ans: Yes

Qn: What are the ways in which the heart is stressed? What practices do you suggest to de-stress?


Ans: Change your attitude towards life. Do not look for perfection in everything in life.

Qn: Is walking better than jogging or is more intensive exercise required to keep a healthy heart?

Ans: Walking is better than jogging since jogging leads to early fatigue and injury to joints

Qn: You have done so much for the poor and needy. What has inspired you to do so?

Ans: Mother Theresa , who was my patient

Qn: Can people with low blood pressure suffer heart diseases?

Ans: Extremely rare

Qn: Does cholesterol accumulates right from an early age
(I'm currently only 22) or do you have to worry about it only after you are above 30 years of age?

Ans: Cholesterol accumulates from childhood.

Qn: How do irregular eating habits affect the heart ?

Ans: You tend to eat junk food when the habits are irregular and your body's enzyme release for digestion gets confused.

Qn: How can I control cholesterol content without using medicines?

Ans: Control diet, walk and eat walnut.

Qn: Can yoga prevent heart ailments?

Ans: Yoga helps.

Qn: Which is the best and worst food for the heart?

Ans: Fruits and vegetables are the best and the worst is oil.

Qn: Which oil is better - groundnut, sunflower, olive?

Ans: All oils are bad .

Qn: What is the routine checkup one should go through? Is there any specific test?

Ans: Routine blood test to ensure sugar, cholesterol is ok. Check BP, Treadmill test after an echo.

Qn: What are the first aid steps to be taken on a heart attack?

Ans: Help the person into a sleeping position , place an aspirin tablet under the tongue with a sorbitrate tablet if available, and rush him to a coronary care unit since the maximum casualty takes place within the first hour.

Qn: How do you differentiate between pain caused by a heart attack and that caused due to gastric trouble?

Ans: Extremely difficult without ECG.

Qn: What is the main cause of a steep increase in heart problems amongst youngsters? I see people of about 30-40 yrs of age having heart attacks and serious heart problems.

Ans: Increased awareness has increased incidents.. Also, sedentary lifestyles, smoking, junk food, lack of exercise in a country where people are genetically three times more vulnerable for heart attacks than Europeans and Americans.

Qn: Is it possible for a person to have BP outside the normal range of 120/80 and yet be perfectly healthy?

Ans: Yes.

Qn: Marriages within close relatives can lead to heart problems for the child. Is it true?

Ans : Yes, co-sanguinity leads to congenital abnormalities and you may not have a software engineer as a child

Qn: Many of us have an irregular daily routine and many a times we have to stay late nights in office. Does this affect our heart ? What precautions would you recommend?

Ans : When you are young, nature protects you against all these irregularities. However, as you grow older, respect the biological clock.

Qn: Will taking anti-hypertensive drugs cause some other complications (short / long term)?

Ans : Yes, most drugs have some side effects. However, modern anti- hypertensive drugs are extremely safe.

Qn: Will consuming more coffee/tea lead to heart attacks?

Ans : No.

Qn: Are asthma patients more prone to heart disease?

Ans : No.

Qn: How would you define junk food?

Ans : Fried food like Kentucky , McDonalds , samosas, and even masala dosas..

Qn: You mentioned that Indians are three times more vulnerable. What is the reason for this, as Europeans and Americans also eat a lot of junk food?

Ans: Every race is vulnerable to some disease and unfortunately, Indians are vulnerable for the most expensive disease.

Qn: Does consuming bananas help reduce hypertension?

Ans : No.

Qn: Can a person help himself during a heart attack (Because we see a lot of forwarded emails on this)?

Ans : Yes. Lie down comfortably and put an aspirin tablet of any description under the tongue and ask someone to take you to the nearest coronary care unit without any delay and do not wait for the ambulance since most of the time, the ambulance does not turn up.

Qn: Do, in any way, low white blood cells and low hemoglobin count lead to heart problems?

Ans : No. But it is ideal to have normal hemoglobin level to increase your exercise capacity.

Qn: Sometimes, due to the hectic schedule we are not able to exercise. So, does walking while doing daily chores at home or climbing the stairs in the house, work as a substitute for exercise?

Ans : Certainly. Avoid sitting continuously for more than half an hour and even the act of getting out of the chair and going to another chair and sitting helps a lot.

Qn: Is there a relation between heart problems and blood sugar?

Ans: Yes. A strong relationship since diabetics are more vulnerable to heart attacks than non-diabetics.

Qn: What are the things one needs to take care of after a heart operation?

Ans : Diet, exercise, drugs on time , Control cholesterol, BP, weight.

Qn: Are people working on night shifts more vulnerable to heart disease when compared to day shift workers?
i
Ans : No.

Qn: What are the modern anti- hypertensive drugs?

Ans : There are hundreds of drugs and your doctor will chose the right combination for your problem, but my suggestion is to avoid the drugs and go for natural ways of controlling blood pressure by walk, diet to
reduce weight and changing attitudes towards lifestyles.

Qn: Does dispirin or similar headache pills increase the risk of heart attacks?

Ans : No.

Qn: Why is the rate of heart attacks more in men than in women?

Ans : Nature protects women till the age of 45.

Qn: How can one keep the heart in a good condition?

Ans : Eat a healthy diet, avoid junk food, exercise everyday, do not smoke and, go for health checkup s if you are past the age of 30 ( once in six months recommended) ..

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Basics of Jitter and Wander

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10 Worst Career Disasters & Lessons Learnt

1.Getting chewed out. -In one of the meetings, Ramesh got a dressing down because of somebody’s else mistake from his boss, whom he used to admire and respect. He was totally dejected and shocked and his defense looked like whining and complaining. Fortunately, the Boss found out a little later about the person actually responsible for the mistake and apologized to Ramesh in front of other people .

Lessons learnt- Be on your toes and not only cover yourself, but also from implications because of others mistakes. Also have the humility to apologise if you are wrong regardless of position, power, designation. 

2.Mediocre review. When Rohit received his first average rating in the performance appraisal , he was shocked as he had done a decent job and had been praised by his boss. In the feedback session he had been communicated that the activities and projects he was working on weren ’t that important and critical for the organization so nobody was excited and pushed for him when his name came up for performance appraisal.

Lessons learnt- :That’s when he learned to take risks and initiatives on high-visibility projects. That changed the entire trajectory of his career.

3.Write rubbish : After Ravi’s attempt to write a business proposal, his manager termed it rubbish and questioned his educational qualification.Ravi realized it is one matter to get a college degree with theatrical knowledge and another to write a business proposal in the real world.

Lessons learnt- Comunication is the heart of business and corporate life and needs to be learned by observation and practice.

4.Micromanage boss -Rajesh used to pride himself in managing and influencing people. In the the job he tried the same with his boss; that didn’t help. He then tried talking to the senior management; that too didn’t help . Ultimately he had to leave the company.
Lessons learnt-He learned an important lesson that the boss is always more important to the company than self. One cannot choose a boss so one has to learn to work with him .

5.Customer disaster. Rakesh was relatively new to sales when a manufacturing delay caused a business loss to his biggest customer . The customer was furious and threatened to break the relationship. Rakesh saved the situation by internally becoming the customer’s spokesperson and fought to retrieve the situation, while with the customer, he became the company’s spokesperson explaining the problem and the developments.
Lesson learnt- Do not believe in lip service to customers, demonstrate by your actions 

6.Getting laid off. -It can happen to anyone . Suresh' first instinct was to feel rejected and a pressing desire to lash out in anger. But he fought it down and took a break and did some reflection about his interests and passions. He applied to the jobs which were in sync with his interests and passions. It turned out to be the right move and a blessing in disguise and his career grew fast in the new job.
Lessons learnt -That’s when he learned that everything happens for a reason and, when one door closes, another opens. Instead of rolling in self pity .. it is time to pick up the thread and move on. 

7.High-visibility crisis. Sunil as the head of marketing released a product advertisement which caused public uproar and adverse publicity. Instead of panicking and pointing fingures and blaming. He quickly organized the team to handle the crisis and keep the top management posted of the developments.
Lessons learnt -That was trail by fire and taught him how not to panic and maintain his cool. 

8.Abusive boss - Raghav's  boss was a sadist and used to revel in ripping him and his others colleagues apart . He thought of quitting but he loved the organization and his job, so he hung in there while some of his colleagues quit.
Lessons learnt-Ultimately the word got around and the boss was eventually fired for bad people management skills. It proved an old Japanese proverb: “If you wait by the river long enough, you’ll see the body of your enemy float by.”

 

9.Lost credibility -Sharad took a complex assignment with a killing deadline basis his vendors assurance that they would deliver. The vendor went back on his commitment and Sharad had to really work by 24 X 7 to meet the deadline . Lessons Learnt - Stay on top of your vendors. Regardless of the relationship, they may not have the same skin in the game that you do.    
 

10.Publicy making a fool of self - Rajan in order to impress in a company annual conference made a fool of himself by shouting/screaming at his colleagues, pulling them down and boasting loudly about his achievements. The CEO of the company took him aside and ticked him off. This grounded Rajan and made him sober and showed him the correct way to guide others.
Lessons learnt-Never humiliate anybody publicly and have the humility to guide the inexperienced while maintaining one's dignity.
  Source:Internet


 

 

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